Causes of tooth extraction amongst diabetic patients seen in a dental hospital in Peshawar

The aim of the study was to evaluate the causes of common conditions leading to tooth extraction, male/female ratio in diabetic patients. This was a retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from previous records between January 2011 to July 2015 from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sardar Begum Dental College, Peshawar. Among 2,103 total diabetic patients presented to the department, 1,618 diabetic patients have their complete record for tooth extractions. The primary reasons for exodontia specified in the records were Caries, Periodontitis, others. Others include those patients who have extractions either due to preprosthetic purpose, trauma or fracture or any other reason other than caries and periodontitis. The data was analysed through SPSS 22. The mean age presentation was 47.50 +/- 19.82 years and the age range 25-70 years. There were 1,618 extractions carried out in 2,103 subjects [76.94%]. The female diabetic patients predominate n=983 [60.75%] the male patients n=635 [39.25%]. Caries was the dominant cause of tooth extraction in both subjects n= 1042 [64.40%] followed by periodontitis n= 416 [25.71%] and others n=160 [9.90%]. Caries is the dominant cause of extraction in diabetic patients and female diabetic patients predominate male diabetic patients in terms of tooth extraction

In vitro screening of Circium arvense for potential antibacterial and antifungal activities

The antimicrobial activities of Circium arvense extracts were evaluated against two human gram positive [Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus] and four gram negative pathogen [Escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae]. The Methanol extracts of Circium arvense were used to obtain various fractions [XI] n-hexane, [X2] chloroform, [X3] ethyl acetate and [X4] n-butanol. The agar well diffusion assay and agar dilution susceptibility testing were carried out to determine the zone of inhibitions and the minimum inhibitory concentration respectively. Antifungal activity was employed by agar well diffusion method. The Ampicilline, Ofloxacine and Itraconazole were used as standard agents. Almost all fractions exhibited more or less antimicrobial activity. The X2 [Chloroform] fraction was reported as highly active fraction with good antimicrobial activity MIC 0.312 mg/ml against Staphylococcus areous. The MBC values of fraction X2 [chloroform] was 2 times the MIC. Similarly all fractions exhibited good inhibitory activities against Aspergillus niger. The fraction Xl [n-hexane] was found highly active 6[ +/- 0.11], followed by X2 [chloform] fraction 5 [ +/- 0.17]. Present study provides a base to explore the antimicrobial potential of Circium arvense. It is concluded that the Circium arvense having potential antibacterial and antifungal activities, irrespective of fact that the MIC values reported were high. Further investigations are recommended to exploit the hidden medicinal value of plant

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm two years experience in AKUH

Abdominal aortic aneurysm [AAA] occurs in 2 per cent of the elderly population in the Western world. The incidence of this disease in Pakistan is unknown. Over a two-year period, between March 1989 to February 1991, we have operated upon three patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm [RAAA], all were male patients between 46-77 years with varied presentations. In all three cases, preoperative diagnosis was established. The operations were done by transperitoneal approach, and a Dacron graft was used for replacement of the aneurysm. There was one death in the immediate post-operative period. We stress the need for a high index of suspicion in elderly patients to aid early detection of asymptomatic cases, and elective surgery, as RAAA carries a high mortality